Studies on the effects of hydroxyapatite

This overview presents current studies on the efficacy of hydroxyapatite in dentistry. The results refer to HAP-containing formulations (e.g., in toothpaste or gel), not to the specific product EVARIE Enamel Serum. Our product contains Nano-HAP and utilizes the same mechanism of action; however, results may vary depending on individual application and initial condition.

1. Remineralization of tooth enamel

  • Tschoppe et al., 2011
    Nano-HAP remineralized enamel lesions significantly better than fluoride or placebo.
    Tschoppe P, Zandim DL, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. J Dent. 2011;39(6):430–437. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2011.03.008

  • Roveri et al., 2009
    Biomimetic HAP smooths the enamel surface and builds up defects.
    Roveri N et al. J Nanomater. 2009;2009:746970. doi:10.1155/2009/746970

  • Poggio et al., 2022
    Comparison with fluoride: Nano-HAP showed remineralizing effects and antibacterial properties.
    Poggio C et al. Polymers. 2022;14(1):114. doi:10.3390/polym14010114

  • Mostafa et al., 2024
    SEM images clearly demonstrate remineralization through a nano-HAP layer on demineralized tooth enamel.
    Mostafa NA et al. Alexandria Dent J. 2024;49(1):77–84.

  • Lelli et al., 2014
    Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals a structural composition on an eroded melt surface.
    Lelli M et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:4073–4087.

2. Reduction of dentin hypersensitivity

  • Orsini et al., 2010
    Pain reduction through Nano-HAP was comparable to arginine and stannous fluoride.
    Orsini G et al. J Clin Periodontol. 2010;37(6):510–517.

  • Vano et al., 2017
    HAP gel was significantly more effective than placebo against hypersensitivity.
    Vano M et al. Quintessence International 2017;48(7):519–526.

  • Pradeep & Sharma, 2010
    The first effects against sensitivity occurred after just 5 minutes.
    Pradeep AR, Sharma A. J Periodontol. 2010;81(9):1167–1173.

  • Bakry et al., 2011
    SEM showed clear occlusion of the tubules by HAP.
    Bakry AS et al. J Dent. 2011;39(4):233–243. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2011.02.002

  • Hegazy et al., 2024
    Significant reduction in sensitivity after just 48 hours with 2% HAP gel.
    Hegazy RA et al. J Clin Diagn Res. 2024;18(5):ZC01–ZC06.

  • Sowinski et al., 2017
    SEM study confirms tubular occlusion after HAP gel application.
    Sowinski JA et al. At J Dent. 2017;30(1):41–45.

  • Tschoppe et al., 2023 (meta-analysis)
    Significant reduction in dentin sensitivity to cold and tactile stimuli.
    Tschoppe P et al. J Clin Med 2023;12(19):5981. doi:10.3390/jcm12195981

3. Sealing of dentinal tubules

  • Huang et al., 2011
    TEM showed complete tubule occlusions by nano-HAP.
    Huang S et al. J Dent. 2011;39(5):351–357. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2010.11.008

  • Derkacz et al., 2020
    SEM showed almost complete closure within 5 minutes.
    Derkacz A et al. Death J. 2020;9:92–98.

  • Alexandria Dental Journal, 2024
    Uniform layer formation and tubule closure are demonstrated by HAP.
    Mostafa NA et al. Alexandria Dent J. 2024;49(1):77–84.

  • Roveri et al., 2020
    TEM images show deep penetration of Nano-HAP into dentinal tubules.
    Roveri N et al. Appl Sci. 2020;10(18):6513. doi:10.3390/app10186513

  • Li et al., 2023
    HAP hyaluronic acid complex seals tubules and strengthens the matrix.
    Li X et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1124996. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1124996

4. Tissue regeneration and hard tissue formation

  • Yu et al., 2023
    HAP/polycaprolactone complex promotes differentiation of DPSCs into tooth structure.
    Yu L et al. Chin J Tissue Eng Res 2023;27(18):2891–2897.

  • Nibali et al., 2015
    Nano-HAP showed a positive effect on gingival condition and marginal hard tissue.
    Nibali L et al. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(12):1102–1111.

  • JIOH-7-118.pdf, 2015
    HAP additives showed anti-inflammatory effects and improved tissue status after root planing.
    Farook M et al. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015;19(1):100–105.

5. Surface smoothing and protective film

  • Lelli et al., 2014
    Imaging SEM analyses show a smooth, compact protective layer.
    Lelli M et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:4073–4087.

  • Sowinski et al., 2017
    SEM showed a uniform gel surface with a closed tubule system.
    Sowinski JA et al. At J Dent. 2017;30(1):41–45.

  • JCDFR-10-ZC51.pdf
    In vivo application of HAP gel visibly smoothed rough tooth necks.
    Hegde MN, Moany A, J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(1):ZC51–ZC54.